CLASS 10
ENGLISH GRAMMAR(Unit-2)
TYPES OF SENTENCES
What is a sentence?
- A sentence is a combination of words heaving a complete & independent meaning.
Ex:- Rama is a good
boy .
Rama boy good a is (not a sentence )
Clause
- A clause is a sentence or maybe a part of a sentence which has a subject & predicate.
- The verb must have a finite verb.
Finite verb
- The verb states the tense of the verb & has an agreement with the subject.
Types Of Verbs
- Verb is of two types
- Main verb / Principal verb VIDEO ଦେଖିବା ପାଇଁ
- Auxiliary verb / helping verb ଏଇଠି CLICK କରନ୍ତୁ → CLICK HERE
Main verb
- Finite verb (ସମାପିକା କ୍ରିୟା)
- Non-finite verb (ଅସମାପିକ କ୍ରିୟା)
Finite verb
The
verb which changes according to the subjects number, person, tense
Ex:-
I am a player.
He is a
player.
They
are players.
Past:- He was a player.
- The first word in a verb phrase is called a finite verb
- Finite verb:- single verb / first verb
Sentence are 3 types
- Simple sentence (ସରଳ ବାକ୍ୟ) VIDEO ଦେଖିବା ପାଇଁ
- Compound sentence (ଜୌଗିକ ବାକ୍ୟ) ଏଇଠି CLICK କରନ୍ତୁ → CLICK HERE
- Complex sentence (ଜଟିଳ ବାକ୍ୟ)
Simple sentence (ସରଳ ବାକ୍ୟ)
- A sentence consisting of only one clause with a single subject & predicate.
Ex:- The sun
rises in the east.
He is a teacher.
Kinds of simple sentences
There are 4 types
of simple sentences
- Declarative sentence (ବିବ୍ରୁତିସୁଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
- Interrogative sentence (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନସୁଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
- Imperative sentence (ଅପରିହାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବାକ୍ୟ)
- Exclamatory sentence (ବିସ୍ମୟସୁଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
Declarative sentence
- A declarative sentence declares or makes a statement and usually begins with the subject.
- It states facts / opinions / intention
Ex:- (i) Anil
teaches English grammar. (fact)
(ii) The story appears very interesting. (opinion )
(iii) He is going to sell his car after Holi. (intention )
Different patterns of Declarative sentence
Transitive verb(ସକର୍ମକ କ୍ରିୟା)
- Action that has a direct object VIDEO ଦେଖିବା ପାଇଁ
Ex:- he is going
to school. ଏଇଠି CLICK କରନ୍ତୁ → CLICK HERE
Intransitive verb(ଅକର୍ମକ କ୍ରିୟା)
- Action that doesn’t have a direct object
Ex:- he is going
(i) SV: Subject Verb (Intransitive)
The boy came.
The wind blows.
(ii) SVO:
Subject Verb (transitive) Object
He answered the question.
She will sell a car.
(iii) SVOO:
Subject Verb Object (Indirect) Object (direct)
The
postman gave me a parcel.
The
teacher taught us geography.
The guide showed us the temple.
(iv) SVC:
Subject Verb Complement
Mr Das is a teacher.
The sky got dark.
He looks / seems / appears worried.
This flower
smells
sweet.
(v) SVOC: Subject Verb Object
Complement
They found him dead.
This book has made the author famous
Interrogative sentence (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନସୁଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
- A simple sentence that makes a question about something or somebody is said to be an interrogative sentence.
Note:- an
interrogative sentence must begin with helping verbs (auxiliary verb) or
wh-words (who, what, when, etc)
It is of 2-types
1. wh-questions:-
who, when, where, which
2. yes/no questions :- is,am,are(auxiliary)
Examples:-
1. Did she attend the class yesterday? (y/n)
2. Are you joining the picnic? (y/n)
3. What are you looking. (wh-question)
4. Who wrote the Mahabharata? (wh-question)
Imperative sentences (ଅପରିହାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବାକ୍ୟ)
- A simple sentence that denotes advice, order, request, suggestion, warning, and wish is called an imperative sentence.
Characteristics of an imperative sentence
(i) The subject ‘you’ is not usually used.
(ii) The sentences begin with the verb in its base form.
(iii) The sentences can be made negative.
(iv) There is no change in tense, aspect, voice, and modality.
Examples :
1. Respect your elders. (advice)
2. Please have another cup of tea. (request)
3. March on, soldiers. (command)
4. Let’s go on a picnic. (suggestion)
5. Have mercy on us. (prayer)
6. Beware of pickpockets.
(warning)
7. Don’t write on the front page of the answer book. (instructions)
8. Shut the door. (order)
9. Have a smooth journey. (wish)
Exclamatory Sentences : (ବିସ୍ମୟସୁଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
- A Simple sentence that expresses the feelings of admiration, surprise, pain, and excitement is called an Exclamatory sentence.
Note:- exclamatory sentences cannot be changed into
negative sentences.
Ex:- what an
excellent singer she is
what an excellent singer she is not (Not a sentence)
Note:- exclamatory sentences can be turned into
declarative & vice versa.
Ex:- How stupid he is (exclamatory)
He is very stupid. (declarative)
Thanks for your support
Ranjan sir
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